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南岛的M95主要在马来和印尼,一般认为是被南岛同化的南亚,很多语言学家做过论证,即南岛的西支有南亚语成分,而且有这么一个证据,马来西亚有叫Orang Asli的人群,他们就是M95,有趣的是他们说南亚语。
sahaliyan 发表于 2015-2-12 00:58  To 氐羌兄:之前聊過蠻多的,再補充一點相關資料。
參見:http://www.ranhaer.com/viewthread.php?tid=30489&page=10#pid416113
Crossing the Luzon Strait: Archaeological Chronology in the Batanes Islands, Philippines and the Regional Sequence of Neolithic Dispersal
Atholl Anderson
http://beta.nmp.gov.tw/main/07/7-3/3-3-2/2.025-045.pdf
"In reviewing the chronological data in relation to linguistic and archaeological evidence, the existence of at least two neolithic dispersals can be proposed (Figure 5). Neolithic I, if it can be called that, may be represented by expansion from South China through Thailand and Vietnam then through Malaya to Borneo, if not more widely, of basket or cord-marked ceramics amongst other types (but amongst which red-slipped pottery is scarce or absent). This seems to have occurred relatively early and it has been associated, in part at least, with the expansion of Austroasiatic languages (Higham 2004). It is not necessarily a neolithic defined exclusively by agricultural expansion.At Gua Sireh, in Borneo there is rice at about 2500 BC but at Nong Nor, in coastal Thailand, and quite widely in coastal Vietnam, there are middle-Holocene sites containing polished stone tools and pottery, but no sign of food production (Higham 2004, Su 1997)."
這篇考古論文提出,島嶼東南亞曾經有兩波來自不同方向的新石器人群。Neolithic I來自中國南部,經過越南、泰國,傳播至馬來亞、婆羅洲、印尼群島的時間比較早,已經有磨製石器和陶器,但是沒有真正意義上的農業,Higham認為Neolithic I可能和南亞語族有關係。再來是Neolithic II,來自台灣經過菲律賓到印尼,發生的時間比較晚,這就是南島語族的南向擴張,他們帶來真正的農業。
綜合以上論文的研究成果:
大約4000年前,台灣東南部新石器農業社會開始渡海向菲律賓移民拓展,接著繼續南下到婆羅洲、印尼群島、大洋洲,這是南島語族的海上擴張活動,應該對應著O1a1-P203和O3-P164*從台灣向島嶼東南亞大擴散。若台灣原住民O1a1-P203與菲律賓的O1a1-P203接近,正好說明考古研究得出的"從台灣向菲律賓的南島語族擴張"。中國大陸P203和南島語族P203的差異,只能說明兩者共祖時代比較久遠,仍不能排除南島語族P203最早來自中國東南沿海的可能性。
而另外一波Higham認為屬南亞語族的新石器移民,從中國南部經過越南、泰國向馬來亞、婆羅洲、印尼群島遷徙,應該對應O2a-M95在印尼群島的廣泛分佈格局,也能解釋印尼群島諸民族皆帶有與中南半島南亞語族共享的紅色成份(見以下第2張亞太族群常染圖)。 |
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